A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Variable costs
Variable costs are any costs that are tied to the volume of crude that a refinery processes, in contrast to fixed costs which are not volume dependent.
Typically in a refinery, these include energy, catalysts, and chemicals.
